Event-related potentials (ERPs) research has shown that emotional features of words influence brain signatures at temporally distinct ERP components (e.g., Kissler and Herbert, 2013). Research on neural correlates of emotional word processing in L1 shows that valenced words, i.e., positive and negative ones, are processed more rapidly and evoke larger responses than neutral words (for reviews see, Kissler et al., 2006 Citron, 2012 Hinojosa et al., 2019). Here, we investigate whether and how moods modify the neurophysiological dynamics of word processing in the two linguistic systems of German-English bilinguals: German (L1) and English (L2). Transient feelings-moods, constitute one such communicative embedding: an emotional context against which words meanings are comprehended and interpreted. Situational, social and/or emotional contexts may endow single words’ meanings with personal relevance, or communicative salience, and thus modify their processing. Importantly, words people use to share meanings come coupled with contextual embeddings. It has indicated that linguistic systems acquired at different stages in life and with different proficiency, may vary also in the degree and depth of affective integration. Previous research has pointed to both differences and similarities in sensitivity to emotional content in bilinguals when they operate in their L1 and L2 (e.g., Pavlenko, 2012 Caldwell-Harris, 2015). Moreover, mood-congruent effects were found in perceptual processing and mood-incongruent ERP amplification in higher-order evaluative stages.īilinguals use two language systems to communicate and comprehend emotional meanings. Interestingly, this effect differed between L1 and L2. Results reveal a remarkably early valence-general effect of mood induction on cortical processing, in line with previous reports of N1 as a first marker of contextual integration. On the LPP, mood-incongruent adjectives elicited larger amplitudes than mood-congruent ones. N400 amplitude was larger for L2 than for L1. In the EPN-windows, effects of mood and valence largely persisted, albeit with no difference between L1 and L2. Over occipital areas, happy mood elicited larger amplitudes of the mood-congruent positive words, whereas over temporal areas mood-incongruent negative words had higher amplitudes. Moreover, regardless of language, early valence modulation was found following happy but not sad mood induction. Mood induction differentially impacted word processing already on the N1, with stronger left lateralization following happy than sad mood induction in L1, but not in L2. Visual event-related potentials elicited during word processing were analyzed during N1 (125–200 ms), Early Posterior Negativities (EPN, 200–300 ms and 300–400 ms), N400 (350–450 ms), and the Late Positive Potential (LPP, 500–700 ms). Happy or sad mood inductions were followed by series of individually presented positive, negative, or neutral adjectives in L1 (German) or L2 (English) and evaluative decisions had to be performed. Twenty-three student participants took part in an EEG experiment with two separate sessions. We investigate how mood inductions impact the neural processing of emotional adjectives in one’s first language (L1) and a formally acquired second language (L2). 2Faculty of English, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.1Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.Johanna Kissler 1* and Katarzyna Bromberek-Dyzman 2
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